Structural design 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Structural design 1 - Essay Example Failure to carry out proper structural design results to the building being too weak and it may collapse killing many people (Charlton, 1973). A structural engineer has very important roles in designing the support of the house as well as designing the layout of the building. The engineer works closely with the architect to ensure stability of the building. The main challenges of any structural design are; The structure engineer has to critically evaluate and analyze different materials and their behavior when loaded and select the most effective and affordable materials. These analysis are important so that the engineer can come up with a design that is economical and can withstand load. Structural design ensures that the building stands straight, firm and safe. It also ensures that the building resist excessive deflections that expose the structural elements to fatigue. The structural elements must be designed to resist cracking and creep. The design postulated by the structural engineer must also take in consideration the changes in length of the building materials due to change in temperatures as this lead to deformation of materials. The design must be made to the material specifications including all the manufacturing tolerances. The major structural element used in building includes columns, beams plates, arches, shells and catenaries(Science Corporation, 2001). Columns are elements that carry the axial ... The design must be made to the material specifications including all the manufacturing tolerances. The major structural element used in building includes columns, beams plates, arches, shells and catenaries(Science Corporation, 2001). Materials and methods In this design the following structural members will be used. ColumnsColumns are elements that carry the axial force. The force may be either in tension or in compression. The main design consideration is the axial capacity of the column and the buckling capacity. The buckling capacity of the element is it ability to resist buckling. This capacity depends on the; The physical geometry of the beam The effective length of the column (this length depends on the resisting capability at both end of the column). The degree of bending of the column determines the capacity of the column. Beams There are two types of beams used in this design. Beams are subjected to pure bending. The result of this is bending causes parts of the beam to be in tension while the other part to be in compression. Beam Sections under tension must be designed to resist it while sections in compression must be designed to resist crushing and buckling. In cases where the beams are very long, trusses are incorporated. When a beam is under tension ties are used to resist these forces, struts are used where beams need to withstand compressive forces. Cantilever beam This type of beam is supported at one end. The other end lies free. Simply supported beam This type of beam is supported vertically at the two ends. At one of the ends it is supported horizontally to enable it rotate at its support. This prevents

Aviation Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aviation Safety - Essay Example now and ice plan is in place; adopting new HAMZAT handling/storage and ARFF regulations; proper emergency plan, traffic/wind indicators, self-inspection, and ground vehicle operations management; assuring public protection, NAVAIDS, obstruction, construction and unserviceable; undergoing airport reporting and wildlife hazard management (FAA, 2009). 1. Contracted Airports: The issue of some cash strapped cities selling their airports to private businesses has been in practice for many decades. However, this arrangement won’t hinder an airport from being certified (Wolfe & NewMyer, 1985). That is, a privately managed airport can still receive its certification if all safety precautions and FAA’s requirements have been satisfactorily put in place. Normally, the FAA officials often conduct elaborate inspections on airport facilities before recommending it for certification. For the fact that an airport is being managed by privates businesses doesn’t indicate that the operational safety at the airport would improve more than natural or deteriorate. However, examples in recent years have shown that private owners of airports have invested so much in the airports with hope to make them attractive to passengers, and then make more money from other airport-related services (Wolfe & NewMyer, 1985). 2. Public Safety: Public safety can be simply defined as the processes undertaken by public and private establishments to protect the lives and property of ordinary people. At the airports, there are fire equipment, emergency medical aids staff and information staff to quickly help ordinary people that use the airport every time (Wells & Young, 2004). It is a good idea to have public safety procedures implemented at the airports because this practice would reduce the exposure of passengers to hazards and dangers. 3. Safety versus Security: It may true that there is sometimes an overlap between public safety and security at the airport. However, in a well-planned airport,